Digital Health and Clinical Pharmacy Programme

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About Course

Program Overview:
The Rhazes TeleHealth International  Internship Program  designed for undergraduate pharmacy students. This innovative program aims to fulfill the internship requirements through a fully virtual platform, utilizing both synchronized and asynchronous learning methods.

Key Features:

100% Virtual Learning :  The internship is conducted entirely online, allowing students to engage from anywhere.
Synchronized and Asynchronous Sessions: Students will benefit from real-time interactions as well as flexible, self-paced learning opportunities.
Expert Instruction: The course is delivered by a diverse team of international and local Malaysian lecturers, all of whom are experts in various fields, including:
– Digital Health
– Clinical Pharmacy
– Structured Medication Management
– Smoking Cessation

Learning Objectives:
Participants will gain practical experience and knowledge in telehealth practices, enhancing their skills in digital pharmacy services and patient management.

This internship program is ideal for pharmacy students looking to adapt to the evolving landscape of healthcare and pharmacy practice in a digital world.

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Course Content

Service Based Clinical Community Pharmacy Practice
Service-based clinical community pharmacy practice involves pharmacists providing direct patient care services in a community setting. This model emphasizes the pharmacist's role in optimizing medication therapy, promoting health, and preventing disease, thus extending beyond traditional dispensing functions.

  • SBCCP LECTURE NOTES
    00:00
  • SBCCP RECORDED VIDEO_V1
    00:00
  • SBCCP RECORDED VIDEO_V2
    00:00

Person Centered vs Patient Centric Care (Pharmaceutical Care)
Person-Centered Care (PCC) and Patient-Centric Care (PCC) are two frameworks that emphasize the importance of individual preferences and needs in healthcare, particularly in the pharmaceutical sector. While they share common goals, they differ in focus and implementation. Key Differences: Perspective: Person-Centered Care : This approach views individuals holistically, considering their personal values, life contexts, and social determinants of health. It emphasizes the importance of the patient’s identity and experiences beyond just their medical conditions. Patient-Centric Care : This model primarily focuses on the patient’s medical needs and preferences in the context of treatment and care delivery. It aims to enhance the patient’s experience within the healthcare system.

Introduction to Digital Health
Digital Health refers to the integration of digital technologies into healthcare to enhance patient care, improve health outcomes, and streamline healthcare processes. It encompasses a broad range of tools and solutions, including mobile health applications, telemedicine, electronic health records (EHRs), wearable devices, and health information technology (HIT). Key Components: 1. Telemedicine : Enables remote consultations between patients and healthcare providers, improving access to care, especially in underserved areas. It allows for real-time communication and monitoring of patients. 2. Mobile Health (mHealth) : Involves the use of mobile devices and applications to support health management and education. These tools can help patients track their health metrics, adhere to treatment plans, and access health information. 3. Wearable Devices : Gadgets like smartwatches and fitness trackers monitor health parameters such as heart rate, activity levels, and sleep patterns. They provide valuable data that can be used for preventive care and chronic disease management. 4. Electronic Health Records (EHRs) : Digital versions of patients' paper charts, EHRs streamline documentation, enhance data sharing among providers, and improve the accuracy of patient information. 5. Health Information Technology (HIT) : Encompasses the tools and systems that facilitate the collection, storage, and analysis of health data, supporting better decision-making and operational efficiency in healthcare settings.

Medication Safety
Medication Safety refers to the practices and systems designed to prevent medication errors and ensure the safe and effective use of medications. It encompasses a wide range of activities, from prescribing and dispensing to administration and monitoring. Key Concepts: 1. Medication Errors : These can occur at various stages of the medication process, including prescribing, transcribing, dispensing, administering, and monitoring. Errors may involve incorrect dosages, wrong medications, or inappropriate routes of administration. 2. High-Alert Medications : Certain medications carry a higher risk of causing significant harm if used incorrectly. These include anticoagulants, insulin, and opioids. Special attention is required when handling these medications. 3. Patient Education : Educating patients about their medications—dosage, side effects, and interactions—plays a crucial role in ensuring safe use. Informed patients are better equipped to recognize and report potential issues. 4. Technology in Medication Safety : Tools such as electronic prescribing (e-prescribing), barcoding systems, and clinical decision support systems help reduce the risk of errors. These technologies enhance accuracy and improve communication among healthcare providers. 5. Interprofessional Collaboration : Effective medication safety requires teamwork among healthcare professionals, including doctors, pharmacists, nurses, and patients. Collaborative approaches can help identify and mitigate risks.

Patient Profiling
Patient Profiling is a systematic approach to collecting and analyzing patient data to create comprehensive profiles that inform personalized healthcare strategies. This process enhances the understanding of individual patients’ health needs, preferences, and behaviors, leading to improved care delivery. Key Aspects of Patient Profiling : 1. Data Collection : Patient profiling involves gathering various types of data, including: - Demographic Information : Age, gender, ethnicity, and socioeconomic status. - Medical History : Previous diagnoses, treatments, and medication history. - Lifestyle Factors : Diet, physical activity, and habits such as smoking or alcohol use. - Patient Preferences : Values, beliefs, and preferences regarding treatment options. 2. Risk Stratification : Profiling helps identify patients at higher risk for certain conditions or complications. This enables healthcare providers to prioritize resources and interventions for those who need them most. 3. Personalized Care Plans : By analyzing patient profiles, healthcare providers can develop tailored care plans that address specific needs and preferences, ultimately enhancing patient engagement and adherence to treatment. 4. Predictive Analytics : Advanced analytical tools can leverage patient profiles to predict health outcomes, allowing for proactive interventions and better management of chronic diseases.

Patient Communication
Patient Communication is a critical component of effective healthcare delivery, encompassing the interactions between healthcare providers and patients. Effective communication fosters trust, enhances patient understanding, and improves health outcomes. Key Components: 1. Clarity and Simplicity : Using clear, jargon-free language helps ensure that patients understand their diagnoses, treatment options, and care plans. Simplifying complex medical information is essential for patient comprehension. 2. Active Listening : Healthcare providers should practice active listening to fully understand patients’ concerns, preferences, and questions. This involves giving patients time to express themselves and demonstrating empathy. 3. Nonverbal Communication : Body language, eye contact, and tone of voice play significant roles in communication. Providers should be aware of their nonverbal cues and how they may affect patient perceptions. 4. Patient Education : Providing patients with educational resources, such as pamphlets or digital materials, can reinforce verbal communication. Educating patients about their conditions and care promotes informed decision-making. 5. Shared Decision-Making : Engaging patients in the decision-making process regarding their treatment fosters a sense of ownership and responsibility. It encourages dialogue and collaboration between providers and patients

Intervention for Smokers Using Motivational Interviewing
Motivational Interviewing (MI) is a patient-centered, directive communication style designed to enhance motivation and commitment to change, particularly useful in interventions for smokers. This approach emphasizes understanding the individual's perspective and fostering intrinsic motivation for quitting smoking. Key Principles of Motivational Interviewing: 1. Express Empathy : Healthcare providers use reflective listening to understand the smoker's feelings and experiences. This builds trust and rapport, making patients more receptive to discussing their smoking habits. 2. Develop Discrepancy : MI helps individuals recognize the gap between their current behavior (smoking) and their personal goals or values (such as health and well-being). This awareness can motivate change. 3. Roll with Resistance : Instead of confronting resistance directly, providers are encouraged to empathize and explore the reasons for the smoker's ambivalence. This non-confrontational approach reduces defensiveness and fosters open dialogue. 4. Support Self-Efficacy : MI emphasizes the smoker's ability to change by reinforcing their strengths and past successes. Encouraging self-efficacy helps build confidence in their capacity to quit.

Role of Pharmacist in Smoking Cessation
Pharmacists play a crucial role in smoking cessation efforts, leveraging their expertise in medication management and patient counseling to support individuals in their journey to quit smoking. Their accessibility and clinical knowledge position them as key players in tobacco control programs. Key Roles of Pharmacists in Smoking Cessation : 1. Patient Education : Pharmacists provide information about the health risks associated with smoking and the benefits of quitting. They educate patients on various cessation methods, including behavioral therapies and pharmacotherapy. 2. Counseling and Support : Pharmacists offer counseling to help patients set quit dates, identify triggers, and develop coping strategies. They create a supportive environment that encourages open discussions about smoking habits and challenges. 3. Pharmacotherapy Management : Pharmacists are well-versed in the use of smoking cessation medications, such as nicotine replacement therapies (NRTs) and prescription medications like varenicline and bupropion. They can assess patient eligibility, recommend appropriate therapies, and monitor for side effects. 4. Monitoring and Follow-Up : Regular follow-up appointments allow pharmacists to monitor a patient’s progress, provide ongoing support, and adjust treatment plans as necessary. This continuity of care is vital for maintaining motivation and addressing any relapses. 5. Collaborative Care : Pharmacists often work within multidisciplinary healthcare teams, collaborating with physicians, nurses, and other providers to create comprehensive cessation plans tailored to individual patient needs.

Smoking Cessation Video Assignment
This task required student to observed the Smoking Cessation Recorded Video Version with the Real Patient. Student need to identify the behavioural and pharmacological intervention based on highlighted points from the lecture session.

STUDENT ASSESSMENT
Dear student, this assessment section consist of SIX (6) QUIZZES You required to complete the quiz before 2pm on the 5th of January 2025. My humble apologies for those who encounter quiz problem during your internship with us. This is an interactive quiz hope you enjoy your session. Warms Regards Madam Asma

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